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Anal cancer is a cancer which arises from the anus, the distal opening of the gastrointestinal tract. [1] Symptoms may include bleeding from the anus or a lump near the anus. [ 1 ] Other symptoms may include pain, itchiness, or discharge from the anus. [ 1 ]
Success of the preoperative regimen changed the paradigm of anal cancer treatment from surgical to non-surgical and was the advent of definitive chemoradiation (omitting surgery) being accepted as a standard-of-care for anal squamous cell carcinomas. Larger doses of radiation are used in modern chemoradiotherapy protocols versus the original ...
Some types of human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause anal cancer. [2] Other HPV types cause anogenital warts. Cigarette smokers, men who have sex with men, individuals with a history of immunosuppression (such as in HIV infection) and women with a history of cervical, vaginal and vulval cancer are at increased risk of getting anal cancer. [3]
During active cancer treatment, patients face many smaller battles on the path to remission. One of those lesser-known struggles is a condition known as chemo mouth, a painful side effect of ...
A rectal prolapse occurs when walls of the rectum have prolapsed to such a degree that they protrude out of the anus and are visible outside the body. [2] However, most researchers agree that there are 3 to 5 different types of rectal prolapse, depending on whether the prolapsed section is visible externally, and whether the full or only partial thickness of the rectal wall is involved.
Anal cancer may be a cause of constipation or tenesmus, or may be felt as a palpable mass, although it may occasionally present as an ulcerative form. [15]: 580 Anal cancer is investigated by biopsy and may be treated by surgery and radiotherapy, or with external beam radiotherapy and adjunctive chemotherapy. The five-year survival rate with ...
According to the American Cancer Society, "there is no reliable evidence that mangosteen juice, puree, or bark is effective as a treatment for cancer in humans". [87] Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) – a biennial plant that grows in many locations over the world. Cancer Research UK say that milk thistle is promoted on the internet for its ...
Doctors uses a variety of tools and techniques to evaluate the type of anorectal disorder, including digital and anoscopic investigations, palpations, and palpitations.The initial examination can be painful because a gastroenterologist will need to spread the buttocks and probe the painful area, which may require a local anesthetic.