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  2. Single-ended signaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-ended_signaling

    The widely used RS-232 system is an example of single-ended signaling, which uses ±12 V to represent a signal, and anything less than ±3 V to represent the lack of a signal. The high voltage levels give the signals some immunity from noise, since few naturally occurring signals can create a voltage of such magnitude.

  3. Signal transduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_transduction

    Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events. Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed receptors , although in some cases the term sensor is used. [ 1 ]

  4. Two-component regulatory system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Two-component_regulatory_system

    Two-component systems accomplish signal transduction through the phosphorylation of a response regulator (RR) by a histidine kinase (HK). Histidine kinases are typically homodimeric transmembrane proteins containing a histidine phosphotransfer domain and an ATP binding domain, though there are reported examples of histidine kinases in the atypical HWE and HisKA2 families that are not ...

  5. Developmental bioelectricity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_bioelectricity

    Developmental bioelectricity is a sub-discipline of biology, related to, but distinct from, neurophysiology and bioelectromagnetics.Developmental bioelectricity refers to the endogenous ion fluxes, transmembrane and transepithelial voltage gradients, and electric currents and fields produced and sustained in living cells and tissues.

  6. Biochemical cascade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_cascade

    The basic unit of the Reactome database is a reaction; reactions are then grouped into causal chains to form pathways [115] The Reactome data model allows us to represent many diverse processes in the human system, including the pathways of intermediary metabolism, regulatory pathways, and signal transduction, and high-level processes, such as ...

  7. Signal recognition particle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_recognition_particle

    The signal recognition particle (SRP) is an abundant, cytosolic, universally conserved ribonucleoprotein (protein-RNA complex) that recognizes and targets specific proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes and the plasma membrane in prokaryotes.

  8. Single-unit recording - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-unit_recording

    In neuroscience, single-unit recordings (also, single-neuron recordings) provide a method of measuring the electro-physiological responses of a single neuron using a microelectrode system. When a neuron generates an action potential , the signal propagates down the neuron as a current which flows in and out of the cell through excitable ...

  9. Biological network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_network

    In the 1980s, researchers started viewing DNA or genomes as the dynamic storage of a language system with precise computable finite states represented as a finite-state machine. [5] Recent complex systems research has also suggested some far-reaching commonality in the organization of information in problems from biology, computer science , and ...