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The Pantheon (UK: / ˈ p æ n θ i ə n /, US: /-ɒ n /; [1] Latin: Pantheum, [nb 1] from Ancient Greek Πάνθειον (Pantheion) ' [temple] of all the gods ') is an ancient 2nd century Roman temple and, since AD 609, a Catholic church (Italian: Basilica Santa Maria ad Martyres or Basilica of St. Mary and the Martyrs) in Rome, Italy.
Nero introduced the dome into Roman palace architecture in the 1st century and such rooms served as state banqueting halls, audience rooms, or throne rooms. The Pantheon's dome, the largest and most famous example, was built of concrete in the 2nd century and may have served as an audience hall for Hadrian.
Its present appearance was threatened with destruction under the French administration of 1809–1814, when Napoleon signed decrees calling for the demolition of the buildings around the Pantheon. The short life of French rule in Rome meant that the scheme never went ahead but it re-emerged in an altered form in the urban plan of 1873.
Panini was a famed painter of capriccios, architectural fantasies.In this case, he combined a staggering array of monuments by Romans without regard to topography. From left to right, he included the Temple of Hadrian, the Pantheon, the Temple of Vesta, the Maison Carrée, and the Theater of Marcellus, all of them surrounding the Obelisk of Thutmose III.
The Pantheon in Rome: Contributions to the conference, Bern, November 9–12, 2006. Bern, Switzerland: Bern Studies. Hetland, Lisa. 2007. "Dating the Pantheon." Journal of Roman Archaeology 20:95–112. Johnson, Peter and Ian Haynes eds. 1996. Architecture in Roman Britain. Papers presented at a conference organized by the Roman Research Trust ...
The Dii Consentes, also known as Di or Dei Consentes (once Dii Complices [1]), or The Harmonious Gods, is an ancient list of twelve major deities, six gods and six goddesses, in the pantheon of Ancient Rome. Their gilt statues stood in the Roman Forum, and later apparently in the Porticus Deorum Consentium. [2]
Of the Pantheon, now call'd the Rotonda. (Pantheon, Rome) Chap. XXI. Of the Draughts of some Temples that are out of Rome, or in other parts of Italy; and the first of the Temples of Bacchus (Santa Costanza) Chap. XXII. Of the Temple whose Vestiges are seen near St. Sebastian's Church on the Appian Way (Santi Cosma e Damiano) Chap. XXIII.
It is a former Roman temple and, since AD 609, a Catholic church (Basilica Santa Maria ad Martyres or Basilica of St. Mary and the Martyrs) in Rome, Italy. It was built on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa during the reign of Augustus (27 BCE – 14 CE), then after that burnt down, the present building was ...
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