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Long-term systemic Immunosuppressive therapy is the main treatment of cancer-associated retinopathy. [5] It can be treated with a combination of chemotherapy and immunosuppression. [2] Although tumor removal and cancer regression may result in a decrease in circulating autoantibodies, this does not influence CAR progression. [8]
Recently, central serous chorioretinopathy has been understood to be part of the pachychoroid spectrum. [5] [6] In pachychoroid spectrum disorders, of which CSR represents stage II, the choroid, the highly vascularized layer below the retina, is thickened and congested with increased blood vessel diameter, especially in the deep choroid (the so-called Haller's layer).
Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease) is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes.It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries and one of the lead causes of sight loss in the world, even though there are many new therapies and improved treatments for helping people live with diabetes.
Treatment is based on the cause of the retinopathy and may include laser therapy to the retina. Laser photocoagulation therapy has been the standard treatment for many types of retinopathy. Evidence shows that laser therapy is generally safe and improves visual symptoms in sickle cell and diabetic retinopathy.
Retinal vasculitis is inflammation of the vascular branches of the retinal artery, caused either by primary ocular disease processes, or as a specific presentation of any systemic form of vasculitis such as Behçet's disease, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, or any form of systemic necrotizing vasculitis such as temporal arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis, or ...
Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) are abnormalities of the blood vessels that supply the retina of the eye, a sign of diabetic retinopathy. [1] IRMA can be difficult to distinguish from and is likely a precursor to retinal neovascularization. One way to distinguish IRMA from retinal neovascularization is to perform fluorescein ...
Other measures (e.g. photocoagulation in patients with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy). [ 16 ] Young people with extensive CSVD and few or no conventional vascular risk factors may benefit from genetic testing to identify any underlying genetic disorders that may be contributing to their condition (For Fabry disease , there is an ...
A major risk factor for AIR is a history of cancer, especially in paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy, where the autoimmune response is triggered by cancerous cells and cancer treatments. Cancer-associated retinopathy is commonly linked with cancers such as lung cancer and breast cancer, which trigger an autoimmune response due to malignant ...