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The Thesmophoria (Ancient Greek: Θεσμοφόρια) was an ancient Greek religious festival, held in honor of the goddess Demeter and her daughter Persephone.It was held annually, mostly around the time that seeds were sown in late autumn – though in some places it was associated with the harvest instead – and celebrated human and agricultural fertility.
Demeter and Metanira, detail of an Apulian red-figure hydria, Antikensammlung Berlin (1984.46) In Greek mythology, Metanira (/ ˌ m ɛ t ə ˈ n aɪ r ə /; Ancient Greek: Μετάνειρα Metáneira) or Meganira [1] was a queen of Eleusis as wife of King Celeus. She was the daughter of Amphictyon, the king of Athens. [2]
A votive plaque known as the Ninnion Tablet depicting elements of the Eleusinian Mysteries, discovered in the sanctuary at Eleusis (mid-4th century BC). The Eleusinian Mysteries (Greek: Ἐλευσίνια Μυστήρια, romanized: Eleusínia Mystḗria) were initiations held every year for the cult of Demeter and Persephone based at the Panhellenic Sanctuary of Eleusis in ancient Greece.
The relief is made of Pentelic marble, and it is 2,20 m. tall, 1,52 m. wide, and 15 cm thick. [4] It depicts the three most important figures of the Eleusianian Mysteries; the goddess of agriculture and abundance Demeter, her daughter Persephone queen of the Underworld and the Eleusinian hero Triptolemus, the son of Queen Metanira, [3] [4] in what appears to be a rite. [1]
In fragment 52, Demeter stays at Eleusis and mourns the loss of her daughter Persephone, who had been abducted by Hades, and Baubo makes her laugh through an act of anasyrma. [11] In other sources such as the Homeric Hymn to Demeter the role of cheering Demeter up is filled by a slave named Iambe, who does so by making jokes. [12]
According to ancient Greek mythology, Kore (Ancient Greek: κόρη), whose name translates to "Maiden", was the first born daughter of Demeter. Following the abduction of Kore by the Underworld God, Hades, Demeter went in desperate search for her lost daughter, who would later come to be known as Persephone (Ancient Greek: Περσεφονη). [5]
Azesia or Azosia (Ancient Greek: Ἀζησία) was a cultic epithet of one or more Greek goddesses, or in some cases was possibly a distinct goddess.Different sources disagree on who it was an epithet of exactly: Hesychius of Alexandria wrote that this was an epithet of Demeter, while the Byzantine encyclopedia known as the Suda describes it as an epithet of Persephone.
A name for Demeter [405] 10 Describes her search for Persephone in the underworld [407] [408] 42 "Offering of Mise, storax" Mise: A goddess attested in Anatolian inscriptions [409] 11 Identifies her with Dionysus, describes her as the daughter of Isis [410] [411] 43 "Offering of the Horai, spices" Horae: Personifications of the seasons [412] 11