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The concepts of syn and anti addition are used to characterize the different reactions of organic chemistry by reflecting the stereochemistry of the products in a reaction. The type of addition that occurs depends on multiple different factors of a reaction, and is defined by the final orientation of the substituents on the parent molecule .
Anti-periplanar geometry will put a bonding orbital and an anti-bonding orbital approximately parallel to each other, or syn-periplanar. Figure 6 is another representation of 2-chloro-2,3-dimethylbutane (Figure 5), showing the C–H bonding orbital, σ C–H, and the C–Cl anti-bonding orbital, σ* C–Cl, syn-periplanar.
syn/anti peri/clinal. a torsion angle between 0° and ±90° is called syn (s) a torsion angle between ±90° and 180° is called anti (a) a torsion angle between 30° and 150° or between −30° and −150° is called clinal (c) a torsion angle between 0° and ±30° or ±150° and 180° is called periplanar (p)
¯ = sample mean of differences d 0 {\displaystyle d_{0}} = hypothesized population mean difference s d {\displaystyle s_{d}} = standard deviation of differences
Whereas statistics and data analysis procedures generally yield their output in numeric or tabular form, graphical techniques allow such results to be displayed in some sort of pictorial form. They include plots such as scatter plots , histograms , probability plots , spaghetti plots , residual plots, box plots , block plots and biplots .
To create a synthetic data point, take the vector between one of those k neighbors, and the current data point. Multiply this vector by a random number x which lies between 0, and 1. Add this to the current data point to create the new, synthetic data point. Many modifications and extensions have been made to the SMOTE method ever since its ...
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The prefix endo is reserved for the isomer with the substituent located closest, or "syn", to the longest bridge. The prefix exo is reserved for the isomer with the substituent located furthest, or "anti", to the longest bridge. Here "longest" and "shortest" refer to the number of atoms that comprise the bridge.