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In mathematics, Fredholm theory is a theory of integral equations. In the narrowest sense, Fredholm theory concerns itself with the solution of the Fredholm integral equation. In a broader sense, the abstract structure of Fredholm's theory is given in terms of the spectral theory of Fredholm operators and Fredholm kernels on Hilbert space.
The general theory underlying the Fredholm equations is known as Fredholm theory. One of the principal results is that the kernel K yields a compact operator. Compactness may be shown by invoking equicontinuity. As an operator, it has a spectral theory that can be understood in terms of a discrete spectrum of eigenvalues that tend to 0.
In mathematics, Fredholm's theorems are a set of celebrated results of Ivar Fredholm in the Fredholm theory of integral equations.There are several closely related theorems, which may be stated in terms of integral equations, in terms of linear algebra, or in terms of the Fredholm operator on Banach spaces.
In mathematics, the Fredholm alternative, named after Ivar Fredholm, is one of Fredholm's theorems and is a result in Fredholm theory. It may be expressed in several ways, as a theorem of linear algebra , a theorem of integral equations , or as a theorem on Fredholm operators .
In mathematics, Fredholm operators are certain operators that arise in the Fredholm theory of integral equations.They are named in honour of Erik Ivar Fredholm.By definition, a Fredholm operator is a bounded linear operator T : X → Y between two Banach spaces with finite-dimensional kernel and finite-dimensional (algebraic) cokernel = / , and with closed range .
Fredholm: An integral equation is called a Fredholm integral equation if both of the limits of integration in all integrals are fixed and constant. [1] An example would be that the integral is taken over a fixed subset of . [3] Hence, the following two examples are Fredholm equations: [1]
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The Fredholm alternative in states that the equation = has a solution if and only if = for every vector satisfying =. This alternative has many applications, for example, in bifurcation theory. It can be generalized to abstract spaces.