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The Hofmann rearrangement (Hofmann degradation) is the organic reaction of a primary amide to a primary amine with one less carbon atom. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The reaction involves oxidation of the nitrogen followed by rearrangement of the carbonyl and nitrogen to give an isocyanate intermediate.
The Hofmann–Martius rearrangement in organic chemistry is a rearrangement reaction converting an N-alkylated aniline to the corresponding ortho and / or para aryl-alkylated aniline. The reaction requires heat, and the catalyst is an acid like hydrochloric acid .
The least stable alkene (the one with the fewest substituents on the carbons of the double bond), called the Hofmann product, is formed. This tendency, known as the Hofmann alkene synthesis rule , is in contrast to usual elimination reactions, where Zaitsev's rule predicts the formation of the most stable alkene.
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The Hofmann rearrangement is a decarbonylation reaction whereby an amide is converted to an amine by way of an isocyanate intermediate. It is usually carried out under strongly basic conditions. It is usually carried out under strongly basic conditions.
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