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  2. Argument from reason - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_reason

    3. Therefore, if naturalism is true, then no belief is rationally inferred (from 1 and 2). 4. We have good reason to accept naturalism only if it can be rationally inferred from good evidence. 5. Therefore, there is not, and cannot be, good reason to accept naturalism. [1] In short, naturalism undercuts itself.

  3. Naturalism (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalism_(philosophy)

    Methodological naturalism, the second sense of the term "naturalism", (see above) is "the adoption or assumption of philosophical naturalism … with or without fully accepting or believing it.” [25] Robert T. Pennock used the term to clarify that the scientific method confines itself to natural explanations without assuming the existence or ...

  4. Evolutionary argument against naturalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_argument...

    The evolutionary argument against naturalism (EAAN) is a philosophical argument asserting a problem with believing both evolution and philosophical naturalism simultaneously. The argument was first proposed by Alvin Plantinga in 1993 and "raises issues of interest to epistemologists , philosophers of mind, evolutionary biologists, and ...

  5. Arabic literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_literature

    Arabic literature (Arabic: الأدب العربي / ALA-LC: al-Adab al-‘Arabī) is the writing, both as prose and poetry, produced by writers in the Arabic language. The Arabic word used for literature is Adab , which comes from a meaning of etiquette , and which implies politeness, culture and enrichment.

  6. De Natura Deorum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_natura_deorum

    De Natura Deorum belongs to the group of philosophical works which Cicero wrote in the two years preceding his death in 43 BC. [1] He states near the beginning of De Natura Deorum that he wrote them both as a relief from the political inactivity to which he was reduced by the supremacy of Julius Caesar, and as a distraction from the grief caused by the death of his daughter Tullia.

  7. Humanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanism

    Arabic translations of Ancient Greek literature during the Abbasid Caliphate in the eighth and ninth centuries influenced Islamic philosophers. Many medieval Muslim thinkers pursued humanistic, rational, and scientific discourse in their search for knowledge, meaning, and values. A wide range of Islamic writings on love, poetry, history, and ...

  8. Legacy of the Roman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy_of_the_Roman_Empire

    Today, the Latin script, the Latin alphabet spread by the Roman Empire to most of Europe, and derived from the Phoenician alphabet through an ancient form of the Greek alphabet adopted and modified by Etruscan, is the most widespread and commonly used script in the world. Spread by various colonies, trade routes, and political powers, the ...

  9. Appian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appian

    Appian began writing his history around the middle of the second century AD. Only sections from half of the original 24 books survive today of a much larger history known as The Roman History , namely books 6-7, much of 8, 9, and 11, and 12-17 (only fragments of books 1-5 and of the remainder of 8 and 9 are preserved, while books 10 and 18-24 ...