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French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language.It is based on a combination of phonemic and historical principles. The spelling of words is largely based on the pronunciation of Old French c. 1100 –1200 AD, and has stayed more or less the same since then, despite enormous changes to the pronunciation of the language in the intervening years.
French phonology is the sound system of French.This article discusses mainly the phonology of all the varieties of Standard French.Notable phonological features include the uvular r present in some accents, nasal vowels, and three processes affecting word-final sounds:
For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters. French has no word-level stress so stress marks should not be used in transcribing French words. See French phonology and French orthography for a more thorough look at the sounds of French.
à la short for (ellipsis of) à la manière de; in the manner of/in the style of [1]à la carte lit. "on the card, i.e. menu". In restaurants it refers to ordering individual dishes from the menu rather than a fixed-price meal.
Like in other dialects of French, the phonemes /i y u/ and /iː yː uː/ are not distinct in Quebec French. The spellings <î û oû> was the long /iː yː uː/ phonemes, had merged with the short counterparts very early on. Modern Quebec French, the /iː uː/ phoneme is used only in loanwords, mainly English (cheap [tʃiːp] cool [kuːl])
In English orthography, the pronunciation of hard g is /ɡ/ and that of soft g is /dʒ/; the French soft g , /ʒ/, survives in a number of French loanwords (e.g. regime, genre), [ʒ] also sometimes occurs as an allophone of [dʒ] in some accents in certain words.
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Modern French allows for fewer word orders than Latin or Old French, both of which Modern French has evolved from. In both Latin and Old French, all six potential word orders are possible: Subject-verb-object (SVO) Verb-object-subject (VOS) Object-subject-verb (OSV) Subject-object-verb (SOV) Object-verb-subject (OVS) Verb-subject-object (VSO)
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