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  2. Fire escape - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_escape

    Fire escape in Oulu Lower part of a fire escape in New York City. A fire escape consists of a number of horizontal platforms, one at each story of a building, with ladders or stairs connecting them. The platform and stairs usually consist of open steel gratings, to prevent the build-up of ice, snow, and leaves.

  3. Anna Connelly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Connelly

    Connelly was aware of fire safety issues and the legislation, so she decided to invent a different solution, [4] which was a fire escape design that could be adopted by more landowners to increase building safety in cities. Planning of the fire escape by Anna Connelly. Connelly's device was patented in August 1877 (No. 386,816A). [4]

  4. Wrought iron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrought_iron

    Wrought iron is a form of commercial iron containing less than 0.10% of carbon, less than 0.25% of impurities total of sulfur, phosphorus, silicon and manganese, and less than 2% slag by weight. [18] [19] Wrought iron is redshort or hot short if it contains sulfur in excess quantity. It has sufficient tenacity when cold, but cracks when bent or ...

  5. Cast-iron architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast-iron_architecture

    Cast iron was not useful for items in tension like beams, where the more expensive wrought iron was preferred. Improvements in production saw the costs decrease at the same time as cast iron gained popularity. The puddling process, patented in 1784, was a relatively low cost method for producing a structural grade wrought iron.

  6. Emergency exit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_exit

    Emergency exit in Universitetet metro station in Stockholm. An emergency exit in a building or other structure is a special exit used during emergencies such as fires.The combined use of regular and emergency exits allows for faster evacuation, and emergency exits provide alternative means of evacuation if regular exits are inaccessible.

  7. File:Fire Escape stairs.jpg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fire_Escape_stairs.jpg

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  8. Fire insurance mark - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_insurance_mark

    Likewise the companies issued fire marks to be affixed to buildings to indicate where there were risks for which they had underwritten policies. Such fire marks were commonly made of tinplate, cast iron and lead. At least one company, the Norwich Union, issued "fire marks" printed on calico for use in rural areas. They were to be fixed on hay ...

  9. Tensioned stone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensioned_stone

    The 0.75m thick brick walls were reinforced and posttensioned with 25mm diameter wrought iron rods." [ 21 ] Seismic post-tensioning of brick and stone masonry buildings with steel bolts dates from at latest the 19th century, including following the Charleston earthquake of 1883 , and on buildings in seismic regions of Italy.