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The first literary reference to the use of a mala for the recitation of mantras comes from the Mu Huanzi Jing (木槵子經 or 佛說木槵子經, "Aristaka/Soap-Berry Seed Scripture/Classic", Taishō Tripiṭaka volume 17, number 786), a Mahayana Buddhist text purported to have been translated into Chinese during the Eastern Jin era, sometime ...
Japa (Sanskrit: जप) is the meditative repetition of a mantra or a divine name. It is a practice found in Hinduism , [ 1 ] Jainism , [ 2 ] Sikhism , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and Buddhism , [ 5 ] with parallels found in other religions .
Japa (or japam) means repeating or remembering a mantra (or mantram), and ajapa-japa (or ajapajapam) means constant awareness of the mantra, or of what it represents. [1] [page needed] [2] The letter A in front of the word japa means without (it should be understood, that ajapa means "no chanting", thus ajapa means to stop thinking about anything material, and japa means to think about ...
Mantra japa is a practice of repetitively uttering the same mantra [49] for an auspicious number of times, the most popular being 108, and sometimes just 5, 10, 28 or 1008. [2] [50] Japa is found in personal prayer or meditative efforts of some Hindus, as well during formal puja (group prayers).
1: Shiva as Brahman: Control over the senses, unity with Brahman 2: Ardhanarishvara, combined form of Shiva and his consort Parvati - 3: 3 sacred fires: pleasing the fire-god Agni: 4: the four-headed Brahma - 5: Pancha-Brahman (five aspects of Shiva) Cleansing of the sin of human murder 6: the six-headed Kartikeya and Ganesha, sons of Shiva ...
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Sir John Woodroffe translated the Tantra of the Great Liberation (Mahānirvāna Tantra) (1913) into English along with other Tantric texts. Other tantras which have been translated into a Western language include the Malini-vijayottara tantra, the Kirana tantra, and the Parakhya Tantra. [7] Some translation of Tantra texts