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The process of putting the pegs in the correct positions is known as 'setting out'. If the curve needs to be of a desired constant radius, which will usually be determined by physical obstructions and the degree of cant which is permitted, the versine can be calculated for the desired radius using this approximation. In practice, many track ...
A model was developed that can be used to determine the volume of tree canopies of this shape. A tree crown fits this shape model if: a) it has a domed shaped top surface, b) the base of the crown is flat or at ground level on a flat surface, and c) the width of the crown spread is greater than or equal to twice the vertical thickness of the crown.
In the following equations, denotes the sagitta (the depth or height of the arc), equals the radius of the circle, and the length of the chord spanning the base of the arc. As 1 2 l {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}l} and r − s {\displaystyle r-s} are two sides of a right triangle with r {\displaystyle r} as the hypotenuse , the Pythagorean ...
Full width at half maximum. In a distribution, full width at half maximum (FWHM) is the difference between the two values of the independent variable at which the dependent variable is equal to half of its maximum value. In other words, it is the width of a spectrum curve measured between those points on the y-axis which are half the maximum ...
The Scherrer equation, in X-ray diffraction and crystallography, is a formula that relates the size of sub-micrometre crystallites in a solid to the broadening of a peak in a diffraction pattern. It is often referred to, incorrectly, as a formula for particle size measurement or analysis. It is named after Paul Scherrer.
This diagram gives the route to find the Schwarzschild solution by using the weak field approximation. The equality on the second row gives g 44 = − c 2 + 2 GM / r , assuming the desired solution degenerates to Minkowski metric when the motion happens far away from the blackhole ( r approaches to positive infinity).
Chainline on a fixed-gear bicycle. The chainline is the angle of a bicycle chain relative to the centerline of the bicycle frame. [1] A bicycle is said to have a perfect chainline if the chain is parallel to the centerline of the frame, which means that the rear sprocket is directly behind the front chainring. [1]
In most countries, the measurement of curvature of curved track is expressed in radius. The shorter the radius, the sharper the curve is. For sharper curves, the speed limits are lower to prevent an outward horizontal centrifugal force to overturn the trains by directing its weight toward the outside rail. Cant may be used to allow higher ...