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In Chinese, the word tong means "hall" or "gathering place". These organizations are described as secret societies or sworn brotherhoods and are often tied to criminal activity. In the 1990s, in most American Chinatowns, clearly marked tong halls could easily be found, many of which have had affiliations with Chinese organized crime. [2]
Since the new century, there are two academic books focusing on Chinese organized crime. Based on rich empirical work, these books offer how Chinese criminal organizations survive in the changing socio-economic and political environment. Y. K. Chu's Triads as Business [2] looks at the role of Hong Kong Triads in legal, illegal and international ...
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... Pages in category "Tongs (organizations)" The following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total ...
Chinese American Citizens Alliance 同源會; Chinese-American Museum of Chicago (CAMOC) 芝加哥美洲华裔博物馆 - 李秉枢中心; Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association 中華會館 / 中華公所; Chinese Freemasons (Chee Kong Tong) 洪門致公堂; Chinese Historical Society of America 美國華人歷史學會
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The Chee Kung Tong (Chinese: 致公堂; Jyutping: zi3 gung1 tong4), or Gee Kung Tong, was a Chinese secret society established in 1880 and holds an active presence still. In earlier years, the society has also been recognized as the "Chinese Masons" and has been identified under various names such as Hongmen ( Chinese : 洪門 ), Hongshuntang ...
The Hip Sing Association or HSA (Chinese: 協勝公會; Jyutping: hip3 sing3 gung1 wui2), formerly known as the Hip Sing Tong (Chinese: 協勝堂; Jyutping: hip3 sing3 tong4), is a Chinese-American criminal organization/gang formed as a labor organization in New York City's Chinatown during the early 20th century (perhaps c. 1904).
The Tongmenghui of China [a] was a secret society and underground resistance movement founded by Sun Yat-sen, Song Jiaoren, and others in Tokyo, Empire of Japan, on 20 August 1905, with the goal of overthrowing China's Qing dynasty. [2] [3] It was formed from the merger of multiple late-Qing dynasty Chinese revolutionary groups.