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Lower Himalayan Range in Tansen, Nepal with the Great Himalayas in the background. The Lower Himalayan Range, also called the Lesser Himalayas or Himachal, is one of the four parallel sub-ranges of the Himalayas. [1] [2] It has the Great Himalayas to the north and the Sivalik Hills to the south.
The Indus-Yarlung suture zone, along which the headwaters of these two rivers flow, separates the Himalayas from the Tibetan plateau; the rivers also separate the Himalayas from the Karakorams, the Hindu Kush, and the Transhimalaya. The range varies in width from 350 km (220 mi) in the west to 150 km (93 mi) in the east.
The Lesser Himalaya also called the Lower Himalaya, or the Midlands, is a thick (about 7 km) section of para-autochthonous crystalline rocks made up of low- to medium-grade rocks. These lower Proterozoic clastic rocks [ 11 ] are subdivided into two groups.
The Himalayan mountain chain is a fold and thrust belt that can be divided into four units bounded by thrusts from south to north: the Sub-Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya, Greater Himalaya and Tethyan Himalaya. [1] The Lesser Himalayan Zone has a lower relief and elevation of the mountains compared to Greater Himalaya.
The Himalayas show a gradual elevation towards the Dhauladhar and Pir Panjal ranges. Pir Panjal is the largest and westernmost range of the Lesser Himalayas. Near the bank of the Sutlej River, it dissociates itself from the main Himalayan range and forms a divide between the Beas and Ravi rivers on one side and the Chenab on the other.
From south to north, the zones and the major faults separating them are the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), Subhimalaya Zone (also called Sivalik), Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), Lesser Himalaya (further subdivided into the "Lesser Himalayan Sedimentary Zone (LHSZ) and the Lesser Himalayan Crystalline Nappes (LHCN)), Main Central thrust (MCT), Higher ...
On the road between Kupup town and Baba Hanuman Singh Mandir in Sikkim state, India Umling La: 5,798 19,022 Connecting Demchok and Chisumle villages, 230 km from Leh Town in Ladakh. Stretching for 86 km, the temperature ranges from -10 °C to -20 °C. Oxygen level is 50% less than normal range. [14] Thorong La: 5,416 17,769
Mid-hills region or lesser Himalayas (Pahad) is a middle region between higher Himalayas and terai of Koshi Province which lies north of terai and south of higher himalayas. It also known as Mahabharat range. The elevation of Mid-hills region ranges from 1,000 and 3,000 m (3,300 and 9,800 ft).