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A nephelometer [1] or aerosol photometer [2] is an instrument for measuring the concentration of suspended particulates in a liquid or gas colloid. A nephelometer measures suspended particulates by employing a light beam (source beam) and a light detector set to one side (often 90°) of the source beam.
In an increasing system, the time constant is the time for the system's step response to reach 1 − 1 / e ≈ 63.2% of its final (asymptotic) value (say from a step increase). In radioactive decay the time constant is related to the decay constant ( λ ), and it represents both the mean lifetime of a decaying system (such as an atom) before it ...
Nephelometry is a technique used in immunology to determine the levels of several blood plasma proteins. For example, the total levels of antibodies isotypes or classes: Immunoglobulin M, Immunoglobulin G, and Immunoglobulin A. [1]
Failure rate is the frequency with which any system or component fails, expressed in failures per unit of time. It thus depends on the system conditions, time interval, and total number of systems under study. [1]
This "Rule of 70" gives accurate doubling times to within 10% for growth rates less than 25% and within 20% for rates less than 60%. Larger growth rates result in the rule underestimating the doubling time by a larger margin. Some doubling times calculated with this formula are shown in this table. Simple doubling time formula:
The above formula only applies for GFR calculation when it is equal to the clearance rate. The normal range of GFR, adjusted for body surface area , is 100–130 average 125 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2 ) in men and 90–120 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2 ) in women younger than the age of 40.
The parameter also indicates the theoretical volume of plasma from which a substance would be completely removed per unit time. Usually, clearance is measured in L/h or mL/min. [2] Excretion, on the other hand, is a measurement of the amount of a substance removed from the body per unit time (e.g., mg/min, μg/min, etc.). While clearance and ...
repetition over a short period of time. same objectives; Repeatability methods were developed by Bland and Altman (1986). [5] If the correlation between separate administrations of the test is high (e.g. 0.7 or higher as in this Cronbach's alpha-internal consistency-table [6]), then it has good test–retest reliability.