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The sharing economy is a socio-economic system whereby consumers share in the creation, production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods, and services. These systems take a variety of forms, often leveraging information technology and the Internet, particularly digital platforms, to facilitate the distribution, sharing and reuse of excess capacity in goods and services.
[7] [8] Since China's transition to a socialist market economy through controlled privatisation and deregulation, [9] [10] the country has seen its ranking increase from ninth in 1978, to second in 2010; China's economic growth accelerated during this period and its share of global nominal GDP surged from 2% in 1980 to 18% in 2021. [8] [1] [11]
PPP is often used to gauge global poverty thresholds and is used by the United Nations in constructing the human development index. [3] These surveys such as the International Comparison Program include both tradable and non-tradable goods in an attempt to estimate a representative basket of all goods. [3]
The world economy or global economy is the economy of all humans in the world, referring to the global economic system, which includes all economic activities conducted both within and between nations, including production, consumption, economic management, work in general, financial transactions and trade of goods and services.
World War I disrupted economic globalization, with countries adopting protectionist policies and trade barriers, slowing global trade. [7] The 1956 invention of containerized shipping and larger ship sizes reduced costs, facilitating global trade. [8] [9] Globalization resumed in the 1970s as governments highlighted trade benefits.
The social market economy (SOME; German: soziale Marktwirtschaft), also called Rhine capitalism, Rhine-Alpine capitalism, the Rhenish model, and social capitalism, [1] is a socioeconomic model combining a free-market capitalist economic system alongside social policies and enough regulation to establish both fair competition within the market and generally a welfare state.
The economy of Asia comprises about 4.7 billion people (60% of the world population) living in 50 different nations. [1] [2] Asia is the fastest growing economic region, as well as the largest continental economy by both GDP Nominal and PPP in the world. [11]
Public economics (or economics of the public sector) is the study of government policy through the lens of economic efficiency and equity.Public economics builds on the theory of welfare economics and is ultimately used as a tool to improve social welfare.