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Learn about the origin and development of cells, from the first cellular life forms to the modern eukaryotes. The web page does not mention who discovered the first living cell, but it covers various theories and evidence on the evolution of cells.
Echinoderms are deuterostomal animals with radial symmetry and a calcareous endoskeleton. They include starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers and others. Learn about their taxonomy, evolution, diversity and ecological importance.
Ambulacraria is a clade of invertebrate phyla that includes echinoderms and hemichordates. Learn about their evolution, fossil record, ontogeny, and phylogenetic relationships with other deuterostomes.
An organelle is a specialized subunit of a cell that has a specific function. Learn about the different types of organelles, such as membrane-bounded and non-membrane bounded, and their origins and functions in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is DNA that is found off the chromosomes, either inside or outside the nucleus of a cell. Learn about the different forms, functions and roles of ecDNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and how it relates to cancer and DNA vaccines.
Another group suggests that primitive cells might have formed inside inorganic clay microcompartments, which can provide an ideal container for the synthesis and compartmentalization of complex organic molecules. [68] Clay-armored bubbles form naturally when particles of montmorillonite clay collect on the outer surface of air bubbles under ...
The eocyte hypothesis in evolutionary biology proposes that the eukaryotes originated from a group of prokaryotes called eocytes (later classified as Thermoproteota, a group of archaea). [1] After his team at the University of California, Los Angeles discovered eocytes in 1984, [ 2 ] James A. Lake formulated the hypothesis as "eocyte tree" that ...
Learn about the evidence and history of life on Earth, from the oldest possible fossils and isotopic signatures to the diversity and adaptability of modern microorganisms. Explore the geochemical and biological data that support the origin of life on Earth as early as 4.1 billion years ago.