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The term closed indicates that the captions are not visible until activated by the viewer, usually via the remote control or menu option. On the other hand, the terms open, burned-in, baked on, hard-coded, or simply hard indicate that the captions are visible to all viewers as they are embedded in the video.
EIA-608, also known as "Line 21 captions" and "CEA-608", [1] was once the standard for closed captioning for NTSC TV broadcasts in the United States, Canada and Mexico. It was developed by the Electronic Industries Alliance and required by law to be implemented in most television receivers made in the United States.
The Rear Window Captioning System. The Rear Window captioning system (RWC) is a method for presenting, through captions, a transcript of the audio portion of a film in theatres for deaf and hard-of-hearing people. The system was co-developed by WGBH and Rufus Butler Seder. On the way into the theatre, viewers pick up a reflective plastic panel ...
Closed captions may still supersede DVD subtitles, since many SDH subtitles present all of the text centered (an example of this is DVDs and Blu-ray Discs manufactured by Warner Bros.), while closed captions usually specify position on the screen: centered, left align, right align, top, etc. This is helpful for speaker identification and ...
229 [4] Website. ncicap.org. The National Captioning Institute, Inc. (NCI) is a 501 (c) (3) nonprofit organization [3] that provides real-time and off-line closed captioning, subtitling and translation, described video, web captioning, and Spanish captioning for television and films. Created in 1979 [5] and headquartered in Chantilly, Virginia ...
CTA -708 (formerly EIA-708 and CEA-708) is the standard for closed captioning for ATSC digital television (DTV) viewing in the United States and Canada. It was developed by the Consumer Electronics sector of the Electronic Industries Alliance, which became Consumer Technology Association . Unlike Run-length encoding DVB and DVD subtitles, CTA ...
Communication access realtime translation (CART), also called open captioning or realtime stenography or simply realtime captioning, is the general name of the system that stenographers and others use to convert speech to text. A trained operator writes the exact words spoken using a special phonetic keyboard, or stenography methods, relaying a ...
Teletext was created in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s by John Adams, Philips' lead designer for video display units to provide closed captioning to television shows for the hearing impaired. [6] Public teletext information services were introduced by major broadcasters in the UK, [7] starting with the BBC's Ceefax service in 1974. [8]