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The mainland of Singapore measures 50 kilometres (31 mi) from east to west and 27 kilometres (17 mi) from north to south with 193 kilometres (120 mi) of coastline. These figures are based on 2.515 metres (8 ft 3.0 in) High Water Mark cadastral survey boundaries. [2] It has an exclusive economic zone of 1,067 km 2 (412 sq mi).
Since 1980, development and increased pressure for land usage has led to Singapore losing 90% of its forests, 67% of its birds, 40% of its mammals and 5% of its amphibians and reptiles. [2] Singapore had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 1.11/10, ranking it 165th globally out of 172 countries. [3]
As part of this plan, Singapore has implemented Southeast Asian's first carbon tax on 1 January 2019, setting the carbon tax at S$5/tCO 2 e for the first five years from 2019 to 2023. With effect from 2024, the carbon tax was raised to S$25/tCO 2 e with a targeted raise to S$45/tCO 2 e in 2026 and 2027 and S$50-80/tCO 2 e by 2030. [8]
1. Water supply and sanitation in Singapore are intricately linked to the historical development of Singapore. It is characterised by a number of outstanding achievements in a challenging environment with geographical limitations. Access to water in Singapore is universal, affordable, efficient and of high quality. [6]
The Singapore Green Plan 2030 is a plan released by the Government of Singapore on 10 February 2021 that sets targets for sustainability in Singapore by 2030. This "collective whole-of-nation effort" supports Singapore's aim to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. [1][2] The plan is spearheaded by five Ministries, being the Ministry of Education ...
Singapore has roughly 80 species of mammals (out of 11 different orders) including 45 species of bats and three species of non-human primates. [9] Currently the only introduced non-domestic mammal species in Singapore is the variable squirrel. [10] The abundance of bats however has been decreasing rapidly due to habitat loss of over 95%. [11]
Singapore has utilized extensive land reclamation to expand beyond its original geographical borders. The reclamation of land from surrounding waters is used in Singapore to expand the city-state 's limited area of usable, natural land. Land reclamation is most simply done by adding material such as rocks, soil and cement to an area of water ...
Geology of Singapore. Igneous rocks are found in Bukit Timah, Woodlands, and Pulau Ubin island. Granite makes up the bulk of the igneous rock. Gabbro is also found in the area and is found in an area called Little Guilin, named for its resemblance to Guilin in South China. This area is in Bukit Gombak. Sedimentary rocks are found on the western ...