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The triune brain is a model of the evolution of the vertebrate forebrain and behavior, proposed by the American physician and neuroscientist Paul D. MacLean in the 1960s. The triune brain consists of the reptilian complex (basal ganglia), the paleomammalian complex (limbic system), and the neomammalian complex (neocortex), viewed each as ...
Fish typically have quite small brains relative to body size compared with other vertebrates, typically one-fifteenth the brain mass of a similarly sized bird or mammal. [10] However, some fish have relatively large brains, most notably mormyrids and sharks, which have brains about as massive relative to body weight as birds and marsupials. [11]
They have one of the highest brain-to-body mass ratios [28] and the largest brain size of all fish. [29] Their brains have retia mirabilia which may serve to keep them warm. [ 30 ] M. alfredi has been shown to dive to depths over 400 metres (1,300 ft), [ 31 ] while the Chilean devil ray, which has a similar structure, dives to nearly 2,000 ...
Puzzlingly, brain enlargement has been found to have occurred independently in different primate lineages, [77] but only human lineage ended up with an exceptional brain capacity. Fetal head-down posture may be an explanation of this conundrum because Homo sapiens is the only primate obligatory biped with upright posture.
A set of large folds is, by convention, used to divide the overall structure into 10 smaller "lobules". Because of its large number of tiny granule cells, the cerebellum contains more neurons than the total from the rest of the brain, but takes up only 10% of the total brain volume. [11]
The brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs, and making ...
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