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Long short-term memory (LSTM) [1] is a type of recurrent neural network (RNN) aimed at dealing with the vanishing gradient problem [2] present in traditional RNNs. Its relative insensitivity to gap length is its advantage over other RNNs, hidden Markov models and other sequence learning methods. It aims to provide a short-term memory for RNN ...
v. t. e. Gated recurrent units (GRUs) are a gating mechanism in recurrent neural networks, introduced in 2014 by Kyunghyun Cho et al. [1] The GRU is like a long short-term memory (LSTM) with a gating mechanism to input or forget certain features, [2] but lacks a context vector or output gate, resulting in fewer parameters than LSTM. [3]
LSTM works even given long delays between significant events and can handle signals that mix low and high-frequency components. Many applications use stacks of LSTMs, [47] for which it is called "deep LSTM". LSTM can learn to recognize context-sensitive languages unlike previous models based on hidden Markov models (HMM) and similar concepts. [48]
rnn. rnn is an open-source machine learning framework that implements recurrent neural network architectures, such as LSTM and GRU, natively in the R programming language, that has been downloaded over 100,000 times (from the RStudio servers alone). [1]
t. e. Mamba is a deep learning architecture focused on sequence modeling. It was developed by researchers from Carnegie Mellon University and Princeton University to address some limitations of transformer models, especially in processing long sequences. It is based on the Structured State Space sequence (S4) model. [1][2][3]
Residual neural network. A Residual Block in a deep Residual Network. Here the Residual Connection skips two layers. A residual neural network (also referred to as a residual network or ResNet) [1] is a deep learning architecture in which the weight layers learn residual functions with reference to the layer inputs.
The new model was a seq2seq model where the encoder and the decoder were both 8 layers of bidirectional LSTM. [28] It took nine months to develop, and it achieved a higher level of performance than the statistical approach, which took ten years to develop. [29]
The standard LSTM architecture was introduced in 2000 by Felix Gers, Schmidhuber, and Fred Cummins. [20] Today's "vanilla LSTM" using backpropagation through time was published with his student Alex Graves in 2005, [21] [22] and its connectionist temporal classification (CTC) training algorithm [23] in 2006. CTC was applied to end-to-end speech ...