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Difference quotient. In single-variable calculus, the difference quotient is usually the name for the expression. which when taken to the limit as h approaches 0 gives the derivative of the function f. [1][2][3][4] The name of the expression stems from the fact that it is the quotient of the difference of values of the function by the ...
Quotient graph. In graph theory, a quotient graph Q of a graph G is a graph whose vertices are blocks of a partition of the vertices of G and where block B is adjacent to block C if some vertex in B is adjacent to some vertex in C with respect to the edge set of G. [1] In other words, if G has edge set E and vertex set V and R is the ...
Numerical differentiation. Finite difference estimation of derivative. In numerical analysis, numerical differentiation algorithms estimate the derivative of a mathematical function or function subroutine using values of the function and perhaps other knowledge about the function.
Discrete calculus. Discrete calculus or the calculus of discrete functions, is the mathematical study of incremental change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations. The word calculus is a Latin word, meaning originally "small pebble"; as such pebbles were used for ...
A finite difference is a mathematical expression of the form f (x + b) − f (x + a).If a finite difference is divided by b − a, one gets a difference quotient.The approximation of derivatives by finite differences plays a central role in finite difference methods for the numerical solution of differential equations, especially boundary value problems.
In mathematics, the symmetric derivative is an operation generalizing the ordinary derivative. The expression under the limit is sometimes called the symmetric difference quotient. [ 3 ][ 4 ] A function is said to be symmetrically differentiable at a point x if its symmetric derivative exists at that point.
For example, consider the ordinary differential equation ′ = + The Euler method for solving this equation uses the finite difference quotient (+) ′ to approximate the differential equation by first substituting it for u'(x) then applying a little algebra (multiplying both sides by h, and then adding u(x) to both sides) to get (+) + (() +).
Any group that acts on a tree, freely and preserving the orientation, is a free group of countable rank (given by 1 plus the Euler characteristic of the quotient graph). The Cayley graph of a free group of finite rank, with respect to a free generating set, is a tree on which the group acts freely