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The Avogadro constant, commonly denoted N A [1] or L, [2] is an SI defining constant with an exact value of 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1 (reciprocal moles). [3] [4] It is defined as the number of constituent particles (usually molecules, atoms, ions, or ion pairs) per mole and used as a normalization factor in the amount of substance in a sample.
Avogadro's law states that "equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules." [1] For a given mass of an ideal gas, the volume and amount (moles) of the gas are directly proportional if the temperature and pressure are constant. The law is named after Amedeo Avogadro who, in 1812, [2][3 ...
One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 elementary entities (approximately 602 sextillion or 602 billion times a trillion), which can be atoms, molecules, ions, ion pairs, or other particles. The number of particles in a mole is the Avogadro number (symbol N 0) and the numerical value of the Avogadro constant (symbol N A) expressed in ...
The number of molecules per mole in a substance is given by the Avogadro constant, exactly 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1 since the 2019 revision of the SI. Thus, to calculate the stoichiometry by mass, the number of molecules required for each reactant is expressed in moles and multiplied by the molar mass of each to give the mass of each ...
Combined with Avogadro's law (i.e. since equal volumes have an equal number of molecules) this is the same as being inversely proportional to the root of the molecular weight. Dalton's law of partial pressures This law states that the pressure of a mixture of gases simply is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual components. Dalton ...
It follows that the heat capacity of the gas is 3 / 2 N k B and hence, in particular, the heat capacity of a mole of such gas particles is 3 / 2 N A k B = 3 / 2 R, where N A is the Avogadro constant and R is the gas constant. Since R ≈ 2 cal/(mol·K), equipartition predicts that the molar heat capacity of an ideal gas ...
mole: mol amount of substance: The amount of substance of 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 elementary entities. [n 2] This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, N A, when expressed in the unit mol −1. candela: cd luminous intensity
The molar gas constant (also known as the gas constant, universal gas constant, or ideal gas constant) is denoted by the symbol R or R. It is the molar equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per amount of substance, rather than energy per temperature increment per particle.