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Individual gold deposits within the Mother Lode are gold-bearing quartz veins up to 15 metres (49 ft) thick and a few thousand feet long. The California Mother Lode was one of the most productive gold-producing districts in the United States. Now it is known as a destination for tourism and for its vineyards. [5]
Quartz is generally the dominant mineral in the veins, but there are also gold bearing carbonate dominant veins in orogenic deposits. [15] Ore bodies of orogenic gold deposits are generally defined by ≤ 3–5% sulfide minerals, most commonly arsenopyrite in metasedimentary host rocks and pyrite /pyrrhotite in meta-igneous rocks, and ≤ 5 ...
In situ gold-bearing vein (in brown) at the Toi gold mine, Japan. In many gold mines exploited during the gold rushes of the 19th century, vein material alone was typically sought as ore material. [8] In most of today's mines, ore material is primarily composed of the veins and some component of the wall rocks which surrounds the veins. [9]
Besides placer deposits of gold, and gold bearing quartz in weathered rock, gold also occurs in quartz veins. The most profitable veins, in the Dahlonega District, occur in the contact zone between mica-schists and granite or diorite. [2]: 59–61 The discovery of gold in the Georgia Gold Belt in 1828 led to the Georgia Gold Rush.
Quartz reef mining is a type of gold mining in "reefs" (veins [1]) of quartz. Quartz is one of the most common minerals in the Earth's crust, and most quartz veins do not carry gold, but those that have gold are avidly hunted by prospectors. In the shallow, oxidized zones of quartz reef deposits, the gold occurs in its metallic state, and is ...
Gold-bearing quartz veins, Blue Ribbon Mine, Alaska. In geology, a lode is a deposit of metalliferous ore that fills or is embedded in a fracture (or crack) in a rock formation or a vein of ore that is deposited or embedded between layers of rock. [1]
Gold mining in Egypt involved both surface mining such as panning for gold in riverbeads and underground mining, where tunnels were dug to extract gold-bearing quartz veins. [6] During the Bronze Age, sites in the Eastern Desert became a great source of gold-mining for nomadic Nubians, who used "two-hand-mallets" and "grinding ore extraction."
Ore genesis. High-grade gold ore from the Harvard Mine, Jamestown, California, a wide quartz -gold vein in California's Mother Lode. Specimen is 3.2 cm (1.3 in) wide. Various theories of ore genesis explain how the various types of mineral deposits form within Earth's crust. Ore-genesis theories vary depending on the mineral or commodity examined.
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