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S waves are transverse waves, meaning that the direction of particle movement of an S wave is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, and the main restoring force comes from shear stress. [2] Therefore, S waves cannot propagate in liquids [3] with zero (or very low) viscosity; however, they may propagate in liquids with high ...
Wave refraction in the manner of Huygens Wave diffraction in the manner of Huygens and Fresnel. The Huygens–Fresnel principle (named after Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens and French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel) states that every point on a wavefront is itself the source of spherical wavelets, and the secondary wavelets emanating from different points mutually interfere. [1]
Different P-wave and S-wave phases are picked up by a receiver for the analysis of velocity structure. Ambient Noise Tomography (ANT) Ambient Noise Tomography is a seismic imaging technique that uses the Earth's background noise, stemming from sources like ocean waves, storms, and traffic, to map its seismic velocity structure. [88]
Electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the propagation direction of the wave. For example, if the wave propagation is in the z-direction, both the electric field and the magnetic field lie in the xy-plane. The electric field points in a specific direction in space since it is a vector. The direction of an electromagnetic wave's ...
p-wave and s-wave from seismograph Velocity of seismic waves in Earth versus depth. [1] The negligible S-wave velocity in the outer core occurs because it is liquid, while in the solid inner core the S-wave velocity is non-zero. A seismic wave is a mechanical wave of acoustic energy that travels through the Earth or another planetary body.
Radio propagation is the behavior of radio waves as they travel, or are propagated, from one point to another in vacuum, or into various parts of the atmosphere. [1]: 26‑1 As a form of electromagnetic radiation, like light waves, radio waves are affected by the phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, polarization, and scattering. [2]
S-wave refraction evaluates the shear wave generated by the seismic source located at a known distance from the array. The wave is generated by horizontally striking an object on the ground surface to induce the shear wave. Since the shear wave is the second fastest wave, it is sometimes referred to as the secondary wave. When compared to the ...
t. e. A seismic shadow zone is an area of the Earth 's surface where seismographs cannot detect direct P waves and/or S waves from an earthquake. This is due to liquid layers or structures within the Earth's surface. The most recognized shadow zone is due to the core-mantle boundary where P waves are refracted and S waves are stopped at the ...