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t. e. In the field of psychology, cognitive dissonance is described as the mental disturbance people feel when they realize their cognitions and actions are inconsistent or contradictory. This may ultimately result in some change in their cognitions or actions to cause greater alignment between them so as to reduce this dissonance. [1]
The opposition between consonance and dissonance can be made in different contexts: In acoustics or psychophysiology, the distinction may be objective.In modern times, it usually is based on the perception of harmonic partials of the sounds considered, to such an extent that the distinction really holds only in the case of harmonic sounds (i.e. sounds with harmonic partials).
Leon Festinger (8 May 1919 – 11 February 1989) was an American social psychologist who originated the theory of cognitive dissonance and social comparison theory.The rejection of the previously dominant behaviorist view of social psychology by demonstrating the inadequacy of stimulus-response conditioning accounts of human behavior is largely attributed to his theories and research. [1]
Elliot Aronson (born January 9, 1932) is an American psychologist who has carried out experiments on the theory of cognitive dissonance and invented the Jigsaw Classroom, a cooperative teaching technique that facilitates learning while reducing interethnic hostility and prejudice. In his 1972 social psychology textbook, The Social Animal, he ...
1) The existence of dissonance, being psychologically uncomfortable, will motivate the person to try to reduce the dissonance and achieve consonance. 2) When dissonance is present, in addition to trying to reduce it, the person will actively avoid situations and information which would likely increase the dissonance (Festinger 1957, p. 3).
Vicarious cognitive dissonance (also vicarious dissonance) is the state of negative arousal in an individual from observing a member of their in-group behave in counterattitudinal ways. [1] The phenomenon is distinguished from the type of cognitive dissonance proposed by Leon Festinger, which can be referred to as personal cognitive dissonance ...
Dissonance has several meanings related to conflict or incongruity: Cognitive dissonance is a state of mental conflict. Cultural dissonance is an uncomfortable sense experienced by people in the midst of change in their cultural environment. Consonance and dissonance in music are properties of an interval or chord (the quality of a discord)
Balance theory. In the psychology of motivation, balance theory is a theory of attitude change, proposed by Fritz Heider. [1][2] It conceptualizes the cognitive consistency motive as a drive toward psychological balance. The consistency motive is the urge to maintain one's values and beliefs over time. Heider proposed that "sentiment" or liking ...