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t. e. A republic, based on the Latin phrase res publica ('public affair'), is a state in which political power rests with the public through their representatives —in contrast to a monarchy. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Representation in a republic may or may not be freely elected by the general citizenry.
Sixteen kingdoms or oligarchic republics that existed in ancient India from the sixth to fourth centuries BCE, during the second urbanisation period. Licchavikas [2][3] c. 7th/6th century – c. 468. The leading confederate tribe of the Vajjika League Mahajanapada; the city of Vesālī was the republic's capital. [2][3] Vaidehas [2][4] c. 7th ...
Representative democracy, electoral democracy or indirect democracy is a type of democracy where representatives are elected by the public. [1] Nearly all modern Western-style democracies function as some type of representative democracy: for example, the United Kingdom (a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy), Germany (a federal ...
The Founding Fathers discoursed endlessly on the meaning of "republicanism." John Adams in 1787 defined it as "a government, in which all men, rich and poor, magistrates and subjects, officers and people, masters and servants, the first citizen and the last, are equally subject to the laws."
Direct democracy or pure democracy is a form of democracy in which the electorate decides on policy initiatives without elected representatives as proxies. This differs from the majority of currently established democracies, which are representative democracies.
Classical republicanism, also known as civic republicanism[1] or civic humanism, [2] is a form of republicanism developed in the Renaissance inspired by the governmental forms and writings of classical antiquity, especially such classical writers as Aristotle, Polybius, and Cicero.
A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government. At its core, the literal meaning of the word republic when used to reference a form of government means a country that is governed by elected representatives and by an elected leader, such as a president, rather than by a monarch or any hereditary artistocracy.
The first parliaments date back to Europe in the Middle Ages. The earliest example of a parliament is disputed, especially depending how the term is defined. For example, the Icelandic Althing consisting of prominent individuals among the free landowners of the various districts of the Icelandic Commonwealth first gathered around the year 930 (it conducted its business orally, with no written ...