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A shutter speed of 1 ⁄ 50 s with an f /4 aperture gives the same exposure value as a 1 ⁄ 100 s shutter speed with an f /2.8 aperture, and also the same exposure value as a 1 ⁄ 200 s shutter speed with an f /2 aperture, or 1 ⁄ 25 s at f /5.6. [citation needed]
On a sunny day with ISO 400 film / setting and aperture at f /16, set shutter speed to 1 / 400 or 1 / 500 . As with other light readings, shutter speed can be changed as long as the f-number is altered to compensate, e.g. 1 / 250 second at f /11 gives equivalent exposure to 1 / 125 second at f /16 .
Exposure value is a base-2 logarithmic scale defined by (Ray 2000, 318): where. N is the f-number. t is the exposure time ("shutter speed") in seconds [2] EV 0 corresponds to an exposure time of 1 s and an aperture of f/1.0. If the EV is known, it can be used to select combinations of exposure time and f-number, as shown in Table 1.
Aperture. In biology, the pupil (appearing as a black hole) of the eye is its aperture and the iris is its diaphragm. In humans, the pupil can constrict to as small as 2 mm (f/ 8.3) and dilate to larger than 8 mm (f/ 2.1) in some individuals. In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisted of a single lens) is a hole ...
In general, Carmichael suggests starting out with making adjustments to your aperture setting, using a fast shutter speed and low ISO. "The higher that ISO goes, the noisier and grainier the photo ...
An approximately correct exposure will be obtained on a sunny day using ISO 100 film, an aperture of f /16 and a shutter speed of 1/100 of a second. This is called the sunny 16 rule: at an aperture of f /16 on a sunny day, a suitable shutter speed will be one over the film speed (or closest equivalent).
M: Manual mode both shutter speed and aperture are independently set manually (with ISO sensitivity also set manually), where proper image exposure requires accurate manual adjustment. Together with setting ISO manually or automatically, this (PASM) yields the 4×2 = 8 possible combinations of manual/auto.
On some models, the coupling of shutter speed and aperture setting was optional, so that photographers could choose their preferred method of working depending on the situation. Use of the E v {\displaystyle E_{v}} scale on such cameras is discussed briefly by Adams (1981 , 39).