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The Three Rs (3Rs) are guiding principles for more ethical use of animals in product testing and scientific research. They were first described by W. M. S. Russell and R. L. Burch in 1959. [1] The 3Rs are: Replacement: methods which avoid the use of animals in research. Reduction: use of methods that enable researchers to minimise the number of ...
The National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs, pronounced as "N C 3 Rs") is a British organization with the goal of reducing the number of animals used in scientific research. [1][2] It is named after the three Rs principles, first described in 1959, for reducing the scale and impact of animal ...
List of Game Boy Advance games on Nintendo Switch Online Release date Game Publisher(s) NA/PAL/KR JP/HK; February 8, 2023 [61] Kuru Kuru Kururin: Nintendo The Legend of Zelda: The Minish Cap: Nintendo Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga: Nintendo Mario Kart: Super Circuit: Nintendo Super Mario Advance 4: Super Mario Bros. 3: Nintendo WarioWare, Inc ...
This is a list of heritage NATO country codes. Up to and including the seventh edition of STANAG 1059, these were two-letter codes (digrams). The eighth edition, promulgated 19 February 2004, and effective 1 April 2004, replaced all codes with new ones based on the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes. Additional codes cover gaps in the ISO coverage, deal ...
The Three Rs principle stands for Reduction, Refinement, and Replacement. It promotes the use of alternative methods whenever possible, reducing the number of animals used, refining the experimental techniques to minimize harm, and replacing animals with non-animal models when feasible. (See also 3R disambiguation)
This list shows only the direct contributions to each campaign but does not include more substantive contributions for lobbying and outside spending. In 2016, direct contributions (in this list) totaled $1,085,100; lobbying efforts (not in this list) totaled $3,188,000; and outside spending (not in this list) totaled $54,398,558.
List of online encyclopedias. This is a list of well-known online encyclopedias that are accessible or formerly accessible on the Internet. The largest online encyclopedias are general reference works, though there are also many specialized ones. Some online encyclopedias are editions of a print encyclopedia, such as Encyclopædia Britannica ...
The largest national park is Wrangell–St. Elias in Alaska: at over 8 million acres (32,375 km 2), it is larger than each of the nine smallest states. The next three largest parks are also in Alaska. The smallest park is Gateway Arch National Park, Missouri, at 192.83 acres (0.7804 km 2).