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It combines with metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and most noble gases, [98] and almost exclusively assumes an oxidation state of −1. [note 10] Fluorine's high electron affinity results in a preference for ionic bonding; when it forms covalent bonds, these are polar, and almost always single. [101] [102] [note 11]
Molecules containing fluorine may also exhibit hydrogen bonding (a weaker bridging link to certain nonmetals). [3] Fluorine's chemistry includes inorganic compounds formed with hydrogen, metals, nonmetals, and even noble gases; as well as a diverse set of organic compounds.
In the context of the periodic table a nonmetalis a chemical elementthat mostly lacks distinctive metallicproperties. They range from colorless gases like hydrogento shiny crystals like iodine. Physically, they are usually lighter (less dense) than elements that form metals and are often poor conductors of heatand electricity.
The chemical elements can be broadly divided into metals, metalloids, and nonmetals according to their shared physical and chemical properties. All elemental metals have a shiny appearance (at least when freshly polished); are good conductors of heat and electricity; form alloys with other metallic elements; and have at least one basic oxide.
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references. Fluoride (/ ˈflʊəraɪd, ˈflɔːr -/) [3] is an inorganic, monatomic anion of fluorine, with the chemical formula F−. (also written [F]−. ), whose salts are typically white or colorless.
Nonmetals show more variability in their properties than do metals. [1] Metalloids are included here since they behave predominately as chemically weak nonmetals.. Physically, they nearly all exist as diatomic or monatomic gases, or polyatomic solids having more substantial (open-packed) forms and relatively small atomic radii, unlike metals, which are nearly all solid and close-packed, and ...
The halogens (/ ˈ h æ l ə dʒ ə n, ˈ h eɪ-,-l oʊ-,-ˌ dʒ ɛ n / [1] [2] [3]) are a group in the periodic table consisting of six chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and the radioactive elements astatine (At) and tennessine (Ts), though some authors [4] would exclude tennessine as its chemistry is unknown and is theoretically expected to ...
Fluorite (CaF 2), also called fluorspar, is the main source of commercial fluorine. Fluorite is a colorful mineral associated with hydrothermal deposits. It is common and found worldwide. China supplies more than half of the world's demand and Mexico is the second-largest producer in the world. [citation needed] The United States produced most ...