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In addition, on a NVM Express Zoned Namespaces SSD, it usually uses flash block size as the zone size. NAND devices also require bad block management by the device driver software or by a separate controller chip. Some SD cards, for example, include controller circuitry to perform bad block management and wear leveling. When a logical block is ...
The number of defective blocks in different chips within a NAND flash memory varies: a given chip could have all its data blocks worn out while another chip in the same device could have all its blocks still active. Global wear leveling addresses this problem by managing all blocks from all chips in the flash memory together―in a single pool.
As part of the wear leveling and other flash management algorithms (bad block management, read disturb management, safe flash handling etc.), the physical location of an LBA might dynamically change frequently. The mapping units of an FTL can differ so that LBAs are mapped block-, page- or even sub-page-based.
UBI (Unsorted Block Images) [10] is an erase block management layer for flash memory devices. UBI serves two purposes, tracking NAND flash memory bad blocks and providing wear leveling. Wear leveling spreads the erases and writes across the entire flash device. UBI presents logical erase blocks to higher layers and maps these to physical erase ...
ONFI created the Block Abstracted NAND addendum specification to simplify host controller design by relieving the host of the complexities of ECC, bad block management, and other low-level NAND management tasks. The ONFI Block Abstracted NAND revision 1.1 specification adds the high speed source synchronous interface, which provides up to a 5X ...
Flash file system. A flash file system is a file system designed for storing files on flash memory –based storage devices. While flash file systems are closely related to file systems in general, they are optimized for the nature and characteristics of flash memory (such as to avoid write amplification), and for use in particular operating ...
Universal Flash Storage (UFS) is a flash storage specification for digital cameras, mobile phones and consumer electronic devices. [1][2] It was designed to bring higher data transfer speed and increased reliability to flash memory storage, while reducing market confusion and removing the need for different adapters for different types of cards ...
YAFFS. Yaffs (Yet Another Flash File System) is a file system designed and written by Charles Manning for the company Aleph One. Yaffs1 was the first version of this file system and was designed for the then-current NAND chips with 512 byte page size (+ 16 byte spare (OOB; Out-Of-Band) area). Work started in 2002, and it was first released ...