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In other words, that theory predicts that the molar heat capacity at constant volume c V,m of all monatomic gases will be the same; specifically, c V,m = 3 / 2 R. where R is the ideal gas constant, about 8.31446 J⋅K −1 ⋅mol −1 (which is the product of the Boltzmann constant k B and the Avogadro constant).
Monatomic gas. In physics and chemistry, "monatomic" is a combination of the words "mono" and "atomic", and means "single atom ". It is usually applied to gases: a monatomic gas is a gas in which atoms are not bound to each other. Examples at standard conditions of temperature and pressure include all the noble gases (helium, neon, argon ...
1.365. In thermal physics and thermodynamics, the heat capacity ratio, also known as the adiabatic index, the ratio of specific heats, or Laplace's coefficient, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure (CP) to heat capacity at constant volume (CV). It is sometimes also known as the isentropic expansion factor and is denoted by γ ...
In thermodynamics, the specific heat capacity (symbol c) of a substance is the amount of heat that must be added to one unit of mass of the substance in order to cause an increase of one unit in temperature. It is also referred to as massic heat capacity or as the specific heat. More formally it is the heat capacity of a sample of the substance ...
The properties molar internal energy, , and entropy, , defined by the first and second laws of thermodynamics, hence all thermodynamic properties of a simple compressible substance, can be specified, up to a constant of integration, by two measurable functions, a mechanical equation of state, = (,), and a constant volume specific heat, (,).
ĉ V is the dimensionless specific heat capacity at constant volume, approximately 3 / 2 for a monatomic gas, 5 / 2 for diatomic gas, and 3 for non-linear molecules if we treat translations and rotations classically and ignore quantum vibrational contribution and electronic excitation.
On the other hand, the molar specific heat at constant volume of a monatomic classical ideal gas, such as helium at room temperature, is given by C V = (3/2)R with R the molar ideal gas constant. But clearly a constant heat capacity does not satisfy Eq. . That is, a gas with a constant heat capacity all the way to absolute zero violates the ...
Molar heat capacity of most elements at 25 °C is in the range between 2.8 R and 3.4 R: Plot as a function of atomic number with a y range from 22.5 to 30 J/mol K.. The Dulong–Petit law, a thermodynamic law proposed by French physicists Pierre Louis Dulong and Alexis Thérèse Petit, states that the classical expression for the molar specific heat capacity of certain chemical elements is ...