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In mathematics, the Leibniz formula for π, named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, states that = + + = = +,. an alternating series.. It is sometimes called the Madhava–Leibniz series as it was first discovered by the Indian mathematician Madhava of Sangamagrama or his followers in the 14th–15th century (see Madhava series), [1] and was later independently rediscovered by James Gregory in ...
((x),(y) = {239, 13 2} is a solution to the Pell equation x 2 − 2 y 2 = −1.) Formulae of this kind are known as Machin-like formulae . Machin's particular formula was used well into the computer era for calculating record numbers of digits of π , [ 39 ] but more recently other similar formulae have been used as well.
t. e. The number π (/ paɪ /; spelled out as " pi ") is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle 's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159. The number π appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics.
A unit fraction is a common fraction with a numerator of 1 (e.g., 1 / 7 ). Unit fractions can also be expressed using negative exponents, as in 2 −1, which represents 1/2, and 2 −2, which represents 1/(2 2) or 1/4. A dyadic fraction is a common fraction in which the denominator is a power of two, e.g. 1 / 8 = 1 / 2 3 .
List of mathematical series. This list of mathematical series contains formulae for finite and infinite sums. It can be used in conjunction with other tools for evaluating sums. is a Bernoulli polynomial. is an Euler number. is the Riemann zeta function. is the gamma function. is a polygamma function. is a polylogarithm.
Partial fraction decomposition. In algebra, the partial fraction decomposition or partial fraction expansion of a rational fraction (that is, a fraction such that the numerator and the denominator are both polynomials) is an operation that consists of expressing the fraction as a sum of a polynomial (possibly zero) and one or several fractions ...
Algebraic fraction. In algebra, an algebraic fraction is a fraction whose numerator and denominator are algebraic expressions. Two examples of algebraic fractions are and . Algebraic fractions are subject to the same laws as arithmetic fractions. A rational fraction is an algebraic fraction whose numerator and denominator are both polynomials.
We can calculate s = tan B/2 = tan (π/4 − A/2) = (1 − r) / (1 + r) from the formula for the tangent of the difference of angles. Use of s instead of r in the above formulas will give the same primitive Pythagorean triple but with a and b swapped.