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Walter John Kilner MRCP (1847–1920) was a British medical electrician at St. Thomas Hospital, London. There, from 1879 to 1893, he was in charge of electrotherapy. He was also in private medical practice, in Ladbroke Grove, London. He wrote papers on a range of subjects but is today best remembered for his late study The Human Atmosphere.
At the core of a radiative transfer model lies the radiative transfer equation that is numerically solved using a solver such as a discrete ordinate method or a Monte Carlo method. The radiative transfer equation is a monochromatic equation to calculate radiance in a single layer of the Earth's atmosphere.
A model is a computer program that produces meteorological information for future times at given locations and altitudes. Within any model is a set of equations, known as the primitive equations, used to predict the future state of the atmosphere. [37] These equations are initialized from the analysis data and rates of change are determined.
A static atmospheric model has a more limited domain, excluding time. A standard atmosphere is defined by the World Meteorological Organization as "a hypothetical vertical distribution of atmospheric temperature, pressure and density which, by international agreement, is roughly representative of year-round, midlatitude conditions."
The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) can also be run as a standalone atmosphere model. Its most current version is 3.1, while 3.0 was the fifth generation. On May 17, 2002, its name was changed from the NCAR Community Climate Model to reflect its role in the new system. [8]
MSIS [3] stands for mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter radar, the two primary data sources for development of earlier versions of the model. E indicates that the model extends from the ground through exosphere and 00 is the year of release. Over the years since introduction, NRLMSISE-00 has become the standard for international space ...
Map of Aerosol Optical Depth simulated by the CHIMERE model General organization of a chemistry-transport model. CHIMERE is a chemistry-transport model.It is a computer code that unites a set of equations representing the transport and the chemistry of atmospheric species making it possible to quantify the evolution of air masses and pollution plumes as a function of time on different scales ...
Walter John Kilner was born in 1847, while the company opened in 1842. This means he can't have been the original John Kilner Sr. His four sons split the company after his death in 1857 (WJK would only have been 10 years old), their names were John Jr., Caleb, George, and William.