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  2. Counter-rotating propellers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-rotating_propellers

    Counter-rotating propellers generally turn clockwise on the left engine and counterclockwise on the right. The advantage of such designs is that counter-rotating propellers balance the effects of torque and P-factor , meaning that such aircraft do not have a critical engine in the case of engine failure.

  3. Rotation of axes in two dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_of_axes_in_two...

    In the new coordinate system, the point P will appear to have been rotated in the opposite direction, that is, clockwise through the angle . A rotation of axes in more than two dimensions is defined similarly. [2] [3] A rotation of axes is a linear map [4] [5] and a rigid transformation.

  4. Contra-rotating propellers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contra-rotating_propellers

    Contra-rotating propellers Contra-rotating propellers on the Rolls-Royce Griffon-powered P-51XR Mustang Precious Metal at the 2014 Reno Air Races. Aircraft equipped with contra-rotating propellers (CRP) [1] coaxial contra-rotating propellers, or high-speed propellers, apply the maximum power of usually a single piston engine or turboprop engine to drive a pair of coaxial propellers in contra ...

  5. Propeller theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propeller_theory

    The propeller is modelled as an infinitely thin disc, inducing a constant velocity along the axis of rotation. This disc creates a flow around the propeller. Under certain mathematical premises of the fluid, there can be extracted a mathematical connection between power, radius of the propeller, torque and induced velocity. Friction is not ...

  6. Rotation (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_(mathematics)

    Rotation can have a sign (as in the sign of an angle): a clockwise rotation is a negative magnitude so a counterclockwise turn has a positive magnitude. A rotation is different from other types of motions: translations , which have no fixed points, and (hyperplane) reflections , each of them having an entire ( n − 1) -dimensional flat of ...

  7. Rotation matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix

    Noting that any identity matrix is a rotation matrix, and that matrix multiplication is associative, we may summarize all these properties by saying that the n × n rotation matrices form a group, which for n > 2 is non-abelian, called a special orthogonal group, and denoted by SO(n), SO(n,R), SO n, or SO n (R), the group of n × n rotation ...

  8. Curl (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curl_(mathematics)

    In 2 dimensions the curl of a vector field is not a vector field but a function, as 2-dimensional rotations are given by an angle (a scalar – an orientation is required to choose whether one counts clockwise or counterclockwise rotations as positive); this is not the div, but is rather perpendicular to it.

  9. Critical engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_engine

    On aircraft with propellers that rotate counter-clockwise, such as the de Havilland Dove, the right engine would be the critical engine. Most aircraft that have counter-rotating propellers do not have a critical engine defined by the above mechanism because the two propellers are made to rotate inward from the top of the arc; both engines are ...