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Byzantine Iconoclasm, Chludov Psalter, 9th century. [10]Christian worship by the sixth century had developed a clear belief in the intercession of saints. This belief was also influenced by a concept of hierarchy of sanctity, with the Trinity at its pinnacle, followed by the Virgin Mary, referred to in Greek as the Theotokos ("birth-giver of God") or Meter Theou ("Mother of God"), the saints ...
Later, the period of Byzantine iconoclasm saw an imperial policy that destroyed and banned icons within the period between 726 and 843, standardising and restricting later depictions of icons. [29] Iconoclasm was a result of the fear of worship of the image, rather than the apostles or holy figure. Instead, the cross only was promoted as a form ...
Government-led iconoclasm began with Byzantine Emperor Leo III, who issued a series of edicts between 726 and 730 against the veneration of images. [22] The religious conflict created political and economic divisions in Byzantine society; iconoclasm was generally supported by the Eastern, poorer, non-Greek peoples of the Empire who had to ...
The usage of gold leaf in Byzantine artwork is indicative that the work is meant to be divine and spiritual. [14] The icon was created by incorporating egg tempera on gold leaf over a wooden panel. [4] The wood panel then is covered with gesso and linen. [4] [5] The icon has a height of 37.8 cm, a width of 31.4 cm and a depth of 5.3 cm. [4]
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195046528. Humphreys, Mike (2021). A Companion to Byzantine Iconoclasm. Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition. Vol. 99. Brill Publishers. ISBN 9789004462007. Mango, Cyril (1975). Liquidation of Iconoclasm and Patriarch Photios. Routledge. Talbot, Alice-Mary (1998).
It is a unique monument of Byzantine art at the time of the Iconoclasm, one of only three illuminated Byzantine Psalters to survive from the 9th century. According to one tradition, the miniatures are supposed to have been created clandestinely, and many of them are directed against Iconoclasts.
It is an example of Byzantine enameling. The box is dated to 843 (some scholars speculate an earlier date of 815). [1] Both dates hover around the second wave of Byzantine Iconoclasm from 814 to 842, allowing this piece to become a lens into the post iconoclastic art. These reliquaries doubled as an icon in style and purpose. The physical ...
Our Lady of Vladimir, egg tempera on wood panel, 104 by 69 centimetres (41 in × 27 in), painted about 1131 in Constantinople The Virgin of Vladimir, also known as Vladimir Mother of God, Our Lady of Vladimir [1] (Russian: Владимирская икона Божией Матери [a]), is a 12th-century Byzantine icon depicting the Virgin and Child and an early example of the Eleusa ...