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An example of an active area of research in algebraic number theory is Iwasawa theory. The Langlands program , one of the main current large-scale research plans in mathematics, is sometimes described as an attempt to generalise class field theory to non-abelian extensions of number fields.
Composite number. Highly composite number; Even and odd numbers. Parity; Divisor, aliquot part. Greatest common divisor; Least common multiple; Euclidean algorithm; Coprime; Euclid's lemma; Bézout's identity, Bézout's lemma; Extended Euclidean algorithm; Table of divisors; Prime number, prime power. Bonse's inequality; Prime factor. Table of ...
Elementary number theory includes topics of number theory commonly taught at the primary and secondary school level, or in college courses on introductory number theory.
Its authors have divided Elementary Number Theory, Group Theory and Ramanujan Graphs into four chapters. The first of these provides background in graph theory, including material on the girth of graphs (the length of the shortest cycle), on graph coloring, and on the use of the probabilistic method to prove the existence of graphs for which both the girth and the number of colors needed are ...
An elementary number is one formalization of the concept of a closed-form number. The elementary numbers form an algebraically closed field containing the roots of arbitrary expressions using field operations, exponentiation, and logarithms. The set of the elementary numbers is subdivided into the explicit elementary numbers and the implicit ...
1. The class number of a number field is the cardinality of the ideal class group of the field. 2. In group theory, the class number is the number of conjugacy classes of a group. 3. Class number is the number of equivalence classes of binary quadratic forms of a given discriminant. 4. The class number problem. conductor
Sigma function: Sums of powers of divisors of a given natural number. Euler's totient function: Number of numbers coprime to (and not bigger than) a given one. Prime-counting function: Number of primes less than or equal to a given number. Partition function: Order-independent count of ways to write a given positive integer as a sum of positive ...
For example, if a = 2 and p = 7, then 2 6 = 64, and 64 − 1 = 63 = 7 × 9 is a multiple of 7. Fermat's little theorem is the basis for the Fermat primality test and is one of the fundamental results of elementary number theory. The theorem is named after Pierre de Fermat, who stated it in 1640.