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Keys presented his diet-lipid-heart disease hypothesis at a 1955 expert meeting of the World Health Organization in Geneva. [14] In response to criticism at the conference, Keys recruited collaborating researchers in seven countries to mount the first cross-cultural comparison, the years-long Seven Countries Study , which is still under ...
Cardiovascular disease in women is an integral area of research in the ongoing studies of women's health. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an umbrella term for a wide range of diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels, including but not limited to, coronary artery disease, stroke, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarctions, and aortic aneurysms.
Men are at greater risk of heart disease than pre-menopausal women. [30] [36] Once past menopause, it has been argued that a woman's risk is similar to a man's [36] although more recent data from the WHO and UN disputes this. [30] If a female has diabetes, she is more likely to develop heart disease than a male with diabetes. [37]
Cholesterol and obesity correlated with increased mortality from cancer. [6] [7] [8] The Seven Countries Study suggested that elevated blood pressure (hypertension) was correlated with risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. It showed that the mortality rate after a coronary heart disease event or stroke was associated with the level of ...
The Strong Heart Study is an ongoing cohort study of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors among American Indian men and women. The original cohort began in 1984 with 4,549 participants ages 35–74 from 13 tribal nations and communities in Arizona , Oklahoma , North Dakota , and South Dakota .
Limit these in diet: Trans fats; Saturated fats to less than 10% of calories; Added sugars to less than 10% of calories; Sodium to less than 2.3 g/day (5.8 g of salt/day), including both added table salt and salt in foods; If consumed, use alcohol in moderation and only for adults — up to 1 drink daily for women and 2 drinks daily for men. [23]
One diet that was specifically developed to help lower cholesterol levels is called the TLC diet (therapeutic lifestyle changes diet). This was created by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in 1985 and combines physical activity, diet, and weight management to help lower cholesterol levels. [54]
This diet provided 30% calories from fat, 7% calories from saturated fat, and 75 mg cholesterol per 1,000 calories. Relative to the Western diet, the TLC diet resulted in 11% lower LDL cholesterol. [8] Additional studies have looked at the benefits of plant stanols and sterols on lowering LDL cholesterol.
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