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Common side effects include constipation, abdominal pain, dark stools, and diarrhea. [14] Other side effects, which may occur with excessive use, include iron overload and iron toxicity. [11] [13] Ferrous salts used as supplements by mouth include ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous succinate, and ferrous sulfate. [13]
Iron is available over the counter as a single entity supplement in an iron salt form or in combination with vitamin supplements and is commonly used in the treatment of anemias. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Overdoses on iron can be categorized as unintentional ingestion which is predominantly associated with children or intentional ingestion involving suicide ...
Serious side effects may include low blood pressure, kidney problems, allergic reactions, and electrolyte problems. [1] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended. [3] Losartan works by blocking the effects of angiotensin II while hydrochlorothiazide works by decreasing the ability of the kidneys to absorb electrolytes. [1]
The choice between the drugs is to a large degree determined by the characteristics of the patient being prescribed for, the drugs' side effects, and cost. Most drugs have other uses; sometimes the presence of other symptoms can warrant the use of one particular antihypertensive. Examples include: Age can affect the choice of medications.
The oxidative properties of iron conflict with the gastrointestinal tract prohibiting proper absorption of iron into the blood. [7] Disorders affecting the gut lead to resistance against oral supplements. [8] Side effects of constipation or diarrhoea are more common with the use of oral iron than intravenous iron. [7]
Iron supplements encourage erythropoiesis to increase red blood cell (RBC) production and oxygen transportation in the circulating system.The transportation of non-heme iron across the apical membrane is through divalent metal transporter 1(DMT1) while that of heme iron is through heme carrier protein 1(HCP1) in the small intestine.
The antibiotic chloramphenicol interferes with incorporation of iron into red blood cells and with iron excretion. Furthermore, iron can reduce the blood pressure lowering effects of methyldopa. [9] Maltol is metabolized by the enzyme UGT1A6. It is not known whether inhibitors of this enzyme increase maltol concentrations in the body. [9]
Iron sucrose has ~20 mg of iron per mL of solution. A typical adult patient can safely receive 600 mg of iron sucrose per week, administered in separate doses of 200–300 mg. Most patients experience an increase in their hemoglobin levels of at least 20 g/L. [ 3 ] Administration usually takes from fifteen to thirty minutes [ 3 ] and is done by ...