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The direct effect is coral bleaching on these reefs, because they are sensitive to even minor temperature changes. So a small increase in water temperature could have a significant impact in these environments. Another example is loss of sea ice habitats due to warming. This will have severe impacts on polar bears and other animals that rely on it.
The greater amount of water in the troposphere then increases the chances for more intense rainfall events. [10] This relation between temperature and saturation vapor pressure is described in the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, which states that saturation pressure will increase by 7% when temperature rises by 1 °C. [4]
The increase of both ocean surface temperature and deeper ocean temperature is an important effect of climate change on oceans. [ 11 ] Deep ocean water is the name for cold, salty water found deep below the surface of Earth's oceans .
The temperature of the deep ocean drops gradually with depth. As saline water does not freeze until it reaches −2.3 °C (27.9 °F) (colder as depth and pressure increase) the temperature well below the surface is usually not far from zero degrees. [2] The thermocline varies in depth.
Water warming has also been seen to persist in systems for long periods of time, even after plants have been removed. [3] When warm water from power plant coolant enters systems, it often mixes leading to general increases in water temperature throughout the water body, including deep cooler water.
The density varies with temperature, but not linearly: as the temperature increases, the density rises to a peak at 3.98 °C (39.16 °F) and then decreases; [33] the initial increase is unusual because most liquids undergo thermal expansion so that the density only decreases as a function of temperature. The increase observed for water from 0 ...
An increase in the temperature of the water above 4 °C causes expansion and the density will decrease. Water expands when it freezes, and a decrease in temperature below 4 °C also causes expansion and a decrease in density. An increase in salinity, the mass of dissolved solids, will increase the density.
A change in the temperature of the water impacts on the distance between water parcels directly. [clarification needed] When the temperature of the water increases, the distance between water parcels will increase and hence the density will decrease. Salinity is a measure of the mass of dissolved solids, which consist mainly of salt.