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In mathematics, exponentiation, denoted b n, is an operation involving two numbers: the base, b, and the exponent or power, n. [1] When n is a positive integer, exponentiation corresponds to repeated multiplication of the base: that is, b n is the product of multiplying n bases: [1] = ⏟.
Any algebra whose elements are idempotent is also power-associative. Exponentiation to the power of any positive integer can be defined consistently whenever multiplication is power-associative. For example, there is no need to distinguish whether x 3 should be defined as ( xx ) x or as x ( xx ), since these are equal.
In plain text, the TeX mark-up language, and some programming languages such as MATLAB and Julia, the caret symbol, ^, represents exponents, so x 2 is written as x ^ 2. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] In programming languages such as Ada , [ 10 ] Fortran , [ 11 ] Perl , [ 12 ] Python [ 13 ] and Ruby , [ 14 ] a double asterisk is used, so x 2 is written as x ** 2.
Two to the power of n, written as 2 n, is the number of values in which the bits in a binary word of length n can be set, where each bit is either of two values. A word, interpreted as representing an integer in a range starting at zero, referred to as an "unsigned integer", can represent values from 0 (000...000 2) to 2 n − 1 (111...111 2) inclusively.
For example, 2 tetrated to 4 (or the fourth tetration of 2) is = = = =. It is the next hyperoperation after exponentiation , but before pentation . The word was coined by Reuben Louis Goodstein from tetra- (four) and iteration .
Since u = 2m 2 = 2de, and since d and e are coprime, they must be squares themselves, d = g 2 and e = h 2. This gives the equation v = d 2 − e 2 = g 4 − h 4 = k 2. The solution (g, h, k) is another solution to the original equation, but smaller (0 < g < d < x). Applying the same procedure to (g, h, k) would produce another solution, still ...
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