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2. EBU R 128 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBU_R_128

   EBU R 128 is a recommendation for loudness normalisation and maximum level of audio signals. It is primarily followed during audio mixing of television and radio programmes and adopted by broadcasters to measure and control programme loudness. [1]

3. Sound level meter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_level_meter

   For compliance purposes, readings with an ANSI Type 2 sound level meter and dosimeter are considered to have an accuracy of ±2 dBA, while a Type 1 instrument has an accuracy of ±1 dBA. A Type 2 meter is the minimum requirement by OSHA for noise measurements and is usually sufficient for general-purpose noise surveys. The Type 1 meter is ...

4. Loudness monitoring - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudness_monitoring

   Loudness monitoring of programme levels is needed in radio and television broadcasting, as well as in audio post production.Traditional methods of measuring signal levels, such as the peak programme meter and VU meter, do not give the subjectively valid measure of loudness that many would argue is needed to optimise the listening experience when changing channels or swapping disks.

5. Audio system measurements - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_system_measurements

   Example: A 16-bit system has 2 16 different possibilities, from 0 – 65,535. The smallest signal without dithering is 1, so the number of different levels is one less, 2 16 − 1. So for a 16-bit digital system, the Dynamic Range is 20·log(2 16 − 1) ≈ 96 dB. Sample accuracy/synchronisation Not as much a specification as an ability.

6. Peak programme meter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_programme_meter

   Newer types of meter do, and there is now a push within the broadcasting industry to move away from the traditional level meters in this article to two new types: loudness meters based on EBU Tech. 3341 and oversampling true PPMs. The former would be used to standardise broadcast loudness to −23 LUFS and the latter to prevent digital clipping ...

7. Peak meter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_meter

   A peak meter is a type of measuring instrument that visually indicates the instantaneous level of an audio signal that is passing through it (a sound level meter). In sound reproduction , the meter, whether peak or not, is usually meant to correspond to the perceived loudness of a particular signal.