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Catarrh (/ k ə ˈ t ɑːr / kə-TAR) is an inflammation of mucous membranes in one of the airways or cavities of the body, [1] [2] usually with reference to the throat and paranasal sinuses. It can result in a thick exudate of mucus and white blood cells caused by the swelling of the mucous membranes in the head in response to an infection.
Bronchorrhea is the production of more than 100 mL per day of watery sputum. [1] Chronic bronchitis is a common cause, but it may also be caused by asthma, [2] pulmonary contusion, [3] bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, cancer, scorpion stings, severe hypothermia and poisoning by organophosphates and other poisons.
Plastic bronchitis bronchial casts [80] Plastic bronchitis is a rarely found condition in which thickened secretions plug the bronchi. [81] [82] The plugs are rubbery or plastic-feeling (thus the name). The light-colored plugs take the branching shape of the bronchi that they fill, and are known as bronchial casts. [81]
Mucus is produced continuously in the respiratory tract. Mucociliary action carries it down from the nasal passages and up from the rest of the tract to the pharynx, with most of it being swallowed subconsciously. Sometimes in times of respiratory illness or inflammation, mucus can become thickened with cell debris, bacteria, and inflammatory ...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...
Post-nasal drip (PND), also known as upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), occurs when excessive mucus is produced by the nasal mucosa.The excess mucus accumulates in the back of the nose, and eventually in the throat once it drips down the back of the throat.
The bronchial spasm is due to the activation of parasympathetic nervous system. Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers will release acetylcholine causing the constriction of the smooth muscle layer surrounding the bronchi. These smooth muscle cells have muscarinic M 3 receptors on their membrane.
Modern cough drops A pocket tin containing small salmiak liquorice pastilles in the traditional diamond shape lozenge. In Europe, salmiak liquorice pastilles are considered a "traditionally-applied medicine to assist expectoration in the airways" Valda Mint Eucalyptus Gumdrops