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Preston, in the Halifax area, is the community with the highest percentage of Black people, with 69.4%; it was a settlement where the Crown provided land to Black Loyalists after the American Revolution. [21] Brooks, a town in southeastern Alberta, is the census subdivision with the highest percentage of Black people, with 22.3%. The community ...
The Underground Railroad was a secret network that helped African Americans escape from slavery in the South to free states in the north and to Canada. [4] Harriet Tubman helped enslaved Black people escape to Canada. [5] Around some 1,500 African Americans migrated to the Plains region of Canada in the years between 1905 and 1912.
The first known black person to live in what would become Canada was a slave from Madagascar named Olivier Le Jeune, who may have been of partial Malay ancestry. As a group, black people arrived in Canada in several waves. The first of these came as free persons serving in the French Army and Navy, though some were enslaved or indentured servants.
The first recorded Black person in Canada was Mathieu da Costa. He arrived in Nova Scotia sometime between 1605 and 1608 as a translator for the French explorer Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts. The first known Black person to live in Canada was an enslaved person from Madagascar named Olivier Le Jeune (who may have been of partial Malay ancestry).
As a result, 1,196 Black settlers in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia left for Sierra Leone, following planning from Thomas Peters. [11] An additional wave of 371 African-American refugees arrived in 1815, following the War of 1812. [10] In the early 1800s, one of Canada's first Black settlements, Elm Hill, was founded by Black loyalists. [12]
Canada had also practiced segregation, and a Canadian Ku Klux Klan exists. [38] [39] Racial profiling occurs in cities such as Halifax, Toronto and Montreal. [40] [41] Black people made up 3% of the Canadian population in 2016, and 9% of the population of Toronto (which has the largest communities of Caribbean and African immigrants). [42]
As slavery in the United States continued until the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865, black people (free and enslaved) began immigrating to Canada from the United States after the American Revolution and again after the War of 1812, and later many by way of the Underground Railroad. [7]
Under its regulations, the law stipulated that all Chinese people entering Canada must first pay a CA$50 fee, [7] [8] later referred to as a head tax. This was amended in 1887, [ 9 ] 1892, [ 10 ] and 1900, [ 11 ] with the fee increasing to CA$100 in 1901 and later to its maximum of CA$500 in 1903, representing a two-year salary of an immigrant ...