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A thyroidectomy is an operation that involves the surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland. In general surgery , endocrine or head and neck surgeons often perform a thyroidectomy when a patient has thyroid cancer or some other condition of the thyroid gland (such as hyperthyroidism ) or goiter.
Operations involve removal of the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy) either as a part of the gland (lobectomy or hemithyroidectomy), or the whole gland (total thyroidectomy). Incomplete resections (sub-total or near total thyroidectomy) are also infrequently performed, but are disfavored by most surgeons [citation needed].
Post-operative complications at high-volume thyroid surgery centers with experienced surgeons are comparable to that of hemithyroidectomy. Arguments for hemithyroidectomy: Most patients have low-risk cancer with an excellent prognosis, with similar survival outcomes in low-risk patients who undergo total thyroidectomy versus hemithyroidectomy.
Patients with Graves' disease are more sensitive than euthyroid patients, [5] and iodine has been used to manage Graves' disease. The Wolff–Chaikoff effect is known as an autoregulatory phenomenon that inhibits organification in the thyroid gland , the formation of thyroid hormones inside the thyroid follicle, and the release of thyroid ...
The circulating nurse is a perioperative nurse who assists in managing the nursing care of a patient during surgery. The circulating nurse observes for unintended breaches in surgical asepsis and coordinates the additional needs of the surgical team, such as procuring extra instruments, monitor operating room conditions, and liaising the ...
A large majority of the thyroid may be removed (subtotal thyroidectomy) to treat the hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease, or to remove a goiter that is unsightly or impinges on vital structures. [citation needed] A complete thyroidectomy of the entire thyroid, including associated lymph nodes, is the preferred treatment for thyroid cancer.
Post-surgery radioactive iodine does not reduce recurrence in those with low risk thyroid cancer. [10] Patients with medullary, anaplastic, and most Hurthle-cell cancers do not benefit from this therapy. [14] External irradiation may be used when the cancer is unresectable, when it recurs after resection, or to relieve pain from bone metastasis ...
After thyroglobulin levels become undetectable (following thyroidectomy), levels can be serially monitored in follow-up of patients with papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma. [clarification needed] A subsequent elevation of the thyroglobulin level is an indication of recurrence of papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma.