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According to a recent paper by Kostakis et al., [167] 3D printing and design can electrify various literacies and creative capacities of children in accordance with the spirit of the interconnected, information-based world. Future applications for 3D printing might include creating open-source scientific equipment. [164] [168]
3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is the construction of a three-dimensional object from a CAD model or a digital 3D model. [1] [2] [3] It can be done in a variety of processes in which material is deposited, joined or solidified under computer control, [4] with the material being added together (such as plastics, liquids or powder grains being fused), typically layer by layer.
Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP; originally Continuous Liquid Interphase Printing) is a proprietary method of 3D printing that uses photo polymerization to create smooth-sided solid objects of a wide variety of shapes using resins.
Limited commercialization (e.g. polylactic acid in 3D printing) Disposable packaging and single-use items Conductive polymers: Research, experiments, prototypes Lighter and cheaper wires, antistatic materials, organic solar cells: Jacquard weaving: Cryogenic treatment: Research, experiments, prototypes Significantly stronger metal components
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model used for 3D printing. The manual modeling process of preparing geometric data for 3D computer graphics is similar to plastic arts such as sculpting. 3D scanning is a process of collecting digital data on the shape and appearance of a real object, creating a digital model based on it.
An example of how 3D printing can be included in the design process is automotive design. [19] There, it is necessary to quickly test and verify a prototype to get the design approved for production. The reduced post-processing steps induced by the multi-material 3D printing technology result in a shorter fabrication time.
Early construction 3D printing development and research have been under way since 1995. Two methods were invented, one by Joseph Pegna [9] which was focused on a sand/cement forming technique which utilized steam to selectively bond the material in layers or solid parts, though this technique was never demonstrated.
RepRap (a contraction of replicating rapid prototyper) is a project to develop low-cost 3D printers that can print most of their own components. As open designs, all of the designs produced by the project are released under a free software license, the GNU General Public License. [1]