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Ecological succession is the process of change in the species that make up an ecological community over time. The process of succession occurs either after the initial colonization of a newly created habitat, or after a disturbance substantially alters a pre-existing habitat. [1]
One example of primary succession takes place after a volcano has erupted. The lava flows into the ocean and hardens into new land. The resulting barren land is first colonized by pioneer organisms, like algae, which pave the way for later, less hardy plants, such as hardwood trees, by facilitating pedogenesis, especially through the biotic acceleration of weathering and the addition of ...
The sequences of succession are thus entirely dependent on life-history characteristics such as the specific amount of energy a species allocates to growth. [ 3 ] The climax community is composed of the most "tolerant" species that can co-exist with other species in a more densely populated area.
Cyclic succession is a pattern of vegetation change in which in a small number of species tend to replace each other over time in the absence of large-scale disturbance. Observations of cyclic replacement have provided evidence against traditional Clementsian views of an end-state climax community with stable species compositions .
Primary succession, when there is a new substrate with no existing vegetation, as after a volcanic lava flow; Secondary succession, when the substrate has sustained vegetation, as after a fire or flood; Succession (geology), in geology, a group of rocks or strata that succeed one another in chronological order
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Three years later in 2018, when Prince Louis of Cambridge was born, Charlotte retained her place in the line of succession, marking the first time that a female member of the royal family tree ...
Psammosere succession is also extremely vulnerable to human activities. At beaches, footpaths over dunes will trample grass, creating exposed sand. This exposed sand can be blown away very easily, leading to the roots becoming exposed and neighbouring plants dying. This creates blowouts, which can set back psammosere succession. [8]