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Findings of tenderness, induration, pain, or erythema (redness) along the course of a superficial vein usually establish a clinical diagnosis, especially in patients with known risk factors. In addition, there is often a palpable, sometimes nodular "cord", due to thrombus ( blood clot ) within the affected vein.
Patients present with an acute onset of swelling, pain, erythema, prominent tenderness, warmness and limited range of motion in both ankles. [1] [2] Lower legs and heels may also be involved, however the distal parts of feet and toes are usually spared. Patients may also experience high-graded fever, pitting edema and hypotension.
Walking gait cycle starting with the left leg demonstrated. The loading cycle is where foot pronation naturally occurs. Achilles tendinitis is a common injury, particularly in sports that involve lunging and jumping, occurs both laterally and bilaterally, and is often induced in a single ankle by trauma.
The red streaks can be clearly outlined and demarcated or just barely visible, particularly in dark-skinned patients. Malaise, tenderness at the site of infection, skin ulcers (a rare symptom of lymphangitis), rapid pulse, and enlarged, swollen, and tender lymph nodes are also seen.
Because of its similarities to deep vein thrombosis (DVT), May–Thurner syndrome is rarely diagnosed amongst the general population. In this condition, the right iliac artery sequesters and compresses the left common iliac vein against the lumbar section of the spine, [5] resulting in swelling of the legs and ankles, pain, tingling, and/or numbness in the legs and feet. [6]
Erythema nodosum (EN) is an inflammatory condition characterized by inflammation of subcutaneous fat tissue, resulting in painful red/blue lumps or nodules that are usually seen symmetrically on both shins, on the thighs, arms, and elsewhere. [1]
Enthesitis is inflammation of the entheses (singular: enthesis), the sites where tendons, ligaments and joint capsules attach to bones. [1] [2]It is a type of enthesopathy, meaning any pathologic condition of the entheses, with or without inflammation.
Symptoms commonly include prolonged, inflammatory pain in the lower back region, hips or buttocks. [1] [4] However, in more severe cases, pain can become more radicular and manifest itself in seemingly unrelated areas of the body including the legs, groin and feet. [citation needed] Symptoms are typically aggravated by: [citation needed]