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The severity of the disease is very variable from year to year. In 1945 there was a serious outbreak in southern Pennsylvania. Trees began to defoliate early in the spring and eventually 25,000 trees died by the end of the growing season. This was 10 percent of Pennsylvania's cherry tree acreage at the time. [22]
Long-distance spread of the disease occurs through the planting of infected trees, as well as budding and grafting of infected tissue. To prevent the establishment of the disease, guidelines typically call for testing of rootstocks and budwood before planting, removal of all trees known and suspected to be infected and eradication of ornamental and wild cherry trees from the surrounding area.
Cherry X disease also known as Cherry Buckskin disease is caused by a plant pathogenic phytoplasma.Phytoplasmas are obligate parasites of plants and insects. They are specialized bacteria, characterized by their lack of a cell wall, often transmitted through insects, and are responsible for large losses in crops, fruit trees, and ornamentals. [1]
Dibotryon morbosum is a fungus that affects the genus Prunus. Included in this genus are multiple species of trees and shrubs, such as: Dibotryon morbosum infects are Prunus serotina (wild cherry trees), Prunus persica (peach trees), Prunus domestica (plum trees), and Prunus cerasus (sour cherry trees). [3]
Shot hole disease is a major concern of the stone fruit industry. It is estimated that 80% of the California almond crop may be infested with shot hole disease, resulting in a potential yield loss of 50-75%. [3] In the 1930s, it was found that applications of Bordeaux mixture reduces shot hole disease on peaches from 80% to 9%.
Weeping Higan Cherry trees are rather prone to problems, particularly in dry soil. A type of bacterium can cause leaf spots and twig cankers. Small, reddish spots dry and drop out. A fungus can cause reddish spots which drop out leaving shot holes. Once the holes appear the leaves may fall from the tree and the disease is worse in wet weather.
Monilinia laxa is an ascomycete fungus that is responsible for the brown rot blossom blight disease that infects many different types of stone fruit trees, such as apricots, cherries and peaches. [2] It can also occasionally affect some pome fruits; for example, apples and pears. [ 3 ]
It is common to treat CMLV by using virus free budwood in certified nursery stocks. It is important to remove all bitter cherry trees in the orchard and any trees that show symptoms. [7] This is a cultural practice that includes removing all fallen infected leaves from the ground which will prevent any future disease spread within the cycle.